Plant Kingdom
NCERT Biology | Class 11 CBSE | NEET-UG Preparation
Short Answer Questions
Answer these questions briefly. The answer key appears after the complete question list.
Q1. Name the five major groups of the plant kingdom discussed in this lesson.
Q2. Name the three major classes of algae and give one example of each.
Q3. Which pigments are characteristic of brown algae, and what is their principal stored food?
Q4. What are the two main stages in the moss gametophyte development described in the lesson?
Q5. Why are bryophytes called the amphibians of the plant kingdom?
Q6. What is a prothallus?
Q7. Distinguish between homospory and heterospory.
Q8. What are gymnosperms? Why are their seeds called naked seeds?
Q9. What is double fertilisation? Name its two fusion events.
Q10. Name the dominant generation in bryophytes and pteridophytes.
Q11. What is the difference between a gametophyte and a sporophyte?
Q12. Name the stored food materials in green, brown and red algae.
Answers to Short Answer Questions
Answer 1: Algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms.
Answer 2: Chlorophyceae—Spirogyra; Phaeophyceae—Sargassum; Rhodophyceae—Porphyra.
Answer 3: Brown algae contain chlorophyll a, chlorophyll c and fucoxanthin. Their stored food includes laminarin and mannitol.
Answer 4: The protonema develops from a spore, and the leafy gametophore develops from the protonema.
Answer 5: Bryophytes live mainly on land but generally need water for sexual reproduction because their motile male gametes must reach the female gamete.
Answer 6: A prothallus is the small gametophyte that develops from a pteridophyte spore in many typical pteridophytes.
Answer 7: Homosporous plants produce one general type of spore. Heterosporous plants produce two types: microspores and megaspores.
Answer 8: Gymnosperms are vascular seed-producing plants whose ovules are not enclosed within an ovary. Their seeds are called naked because they are not enclosed within fruits.
Answer 9: Double fertilisation is characteristic of angiosperms. It involves syngamy, in which a male gamete fuses with the egg, and triple fusion, in which the other male gamete fuses with the two polar nuclei or their secondary nucleus.
Answer 10: The gametophyte is dominant in bryophytes, whereas the sporophyte is dominant in pteridophytes.
Answer 11: The gametophyte is haploid and produces gametes by mitosis. The sporophyte is diploid and produces haploid spores through meiosis.
Answer 12: Green algae mainly store starch; brown algae store laminarin and mannitol; red algae store floridean starch.
